Besides, crop residues can be used in biofuel production. Crop residue management definitionpurpose crop residue management means maintaining cover on sixty 60 percent of the soil surface at planting to protect water quality. In less affluent countries such as those in south and southeast asia, grain is directly used for human consumption, and crop residues are the main source of. Treatments consisted of three tillage practices mt. This level of residue might be expected from a notill system where you plant directly into the existing residue. Proper residue management can result in healthier, vigorous plants that are able to resist pathogen attack, especially during the early stages of growth. Crop residue management and soil health with changing. The results from the study disseminated among the local farmers and technological support were provided for practicing alternative crop residue management. Crop residue management and soil health with changing climate. Unavailability of alternative organic amendments, the sustainable management of crop residue in fields can be painstaking key in promoting physical, biological and chemical properties of soil health in agricultural systems of developing countries. However, regularly harvesting all of a fields corn residue and not returning other sources. The current emphasis is preventive control, with emphasis on crop residue management and ground cover management at replanting. Abundance and considerations for alternative uses, kansas state university, april 2014. Crop residue management stubble managementcrop residue cuttingresidue managers jack mchugh contributions from dr jack desbiolles ashworth et al.
Theres also interest in using corn residue for biofuel production in order to reduce u. In areas where mechanical harvesting is practiced, a large quantity of crop residues are left in the field, which can be recycled for nutrient. A copy of the five other regional reports on crop residue management to reduce erosion and improve soil quality can be obtained from the conservation technology information center, 1220 potter drive, room 170, west lafayette, in 47906 fax 3174945969, telephone 317494. If you have any doubt whether the point intersects residue, or if the residue looks too small to intercept a raindrop, dont count it. Therefore, the objective of this manuscript is to discuss the impact o crop residues management on soil c dynamics, and the potential of residue management on offsetting industrial emissions. Crop residues and soil carbon rattan lal carbon management and sequestration center the ohio state university, columbus, oh 43210 usa lal. Integrated nutrient management encourages the use of onfarm organics, thus it saves on the cost of fertilizers for crop production. Kansas state university agricultural experiment station and cooperative extension service kstate research and extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Whereas in romania, which is a lowyielding country. A change in traditional crop residue management is conditioned by the longterm environmental and economic benefits of retaining crop residues.
Managing crop residues it is an accepted fact that returning crop residues to the soil environment is an agronomically sound practice. Crm systems include conservation tillage practices such as zerotill, reduced till, bed planting, and other practices that provide sufficient residue cover to protect the soil surface from the erosive effects of wind and rain. Wilts, in encyclopedia of soils in the environment, 2005. Pdf crop residues management with conservation agriculture. Crop residue management practices and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer effects on crop response and some physical and chemical properties of a black chernozem over 25 years in a continuous wheat rotation. The intelligent management and utilization of crop residues is essential for the improvement of soil quality and crop productivity under ricebased cropping.
Use a spreader on the combine that distributes residue evenly. In watts mind, residue management starts with the combine. Effect of crop residues on soil fertility and yield of wheat. Pdf the amount of crop residues that can be sustainability removed is highly variable and is a function of many factors including the soil. Crop residues management, sustainable soil health, ricewheat system, plant nutrients. Impact of crop residue management on crop production and.
Review of the impact of crop residue management on soil. Chapter 7 use of crop residues and straw european union. In cropland soils, a principal source of biomass is the crop residues. Pathak and others published crop residues management with conservation agriculture. Leaving last seasons crop residues on the surface after harvest and before and during the next planting provides cover for the soil at critical times of year. In this volume, the strategies for effective residue management are described for each region of the country to provide a comparison of the regional differences.
Effect of tillage and residue retention on soil properties. Providing ground cover to absorb the impact of raindrops, thus reducing soil particle detachment which in turn decreases erosion potential. Two significant advantages of surface residue management are increased om near the soil surface and enhanced nutrient cycling and retention. Crop residue management crm crm practices are used to conserve soil and water. Climate adaptive cropresidue management for soilfunction. Abundance and considerations for alternative uses the demand for crop residues for expanded uses, including being used as a feedstock for bioenergy production and other established and emerging markets, is expected to increase in the near future. Residue management requires an understanding of the crop, soil, and climate in which the farming system is located. Management of residueborne diseases of winter wheat. Management practices relating to crop residue the amount of crop residue generated was estimated as the product of crop production, residue to crop ratio and dry matter fraction in the crop biomass. The residue can be ploughed directly into the ground, or burned first. Crop residues are the noneconomic plant parts that are left in the field after harvest. These countylevel residue retention coefficients were used along with residue production costs to estimate crop residue supply.
Ppt conservation tillage and crop residue management. The experiment was laid out in split plot design and residue management practices viz. Accordingly, national policy for management of crop residue npmcr has following major objectives. Agricultural mechanization for insitu management of crop. Management of crop residues for sustainable crop production. Methods for measuring crop residue integrated crop. Thus, proper management of crop residues for the maintenance of soil fertility cannot be overstressed. The role of crop residues in improving soil fertility. Crop residue management also provides seasonal soil protection from wind and rain erosion, adds organic matter to the soil. Residue adequately controls erosion by both wind and water, among other conservation benefits. We assessed the impact of the crop residue management on crop production three cropswinter wheat, faba bean and maizecultivated.
This document specifies terms and conditions for the virginia department of conservation and recreations small grain cover crop for nutrient management and residue management best management practice that are applicable to all contracts entered into with respect to that. Crop residues, usually considered a problem, when managed correctly can improve soil organic matter dynamics and nutrient cycling, thereby creating a rather favorable environment for plant growth. The positive effects are many and welldocumented, and include. Conservation tillage systems have at least 30 percent of last years crop residue on the soil at planting. Crop residue management through conservation agriculture can improve soil productivity and crop production by maintaining som levels. Management of crop residues for sustainable crop production results of a coordinated research project organized by the joint faoiaea division of nuclear techniques in food and agriculture 19962001 may 2003. Most growers incorporate corn residue into the soil with tillage or leave it on the soil surface. Conservation tillage and crop residue management integrated iwm field handbook sq8b 1 conservation tillage and crop residue managementintegrated iwm field handbooksq8b 2 what is residue managementconservation tillage. To determine the effects of crop rotation, crop residue management, and n fertilization, we measured changes in microbial biomass c and n and populations of several soil microbial groups in long.
Using this guide to reduce erosion with crop residues look down, not out across the field, for an accurate estimate of ground cover housands of farmers have learned to save soil, time and money by farming successfully with. What is residue management conservation tillage any tillage or planting system that maintains at least 30% crop residue cover on soil surface leaves about a third of soil covered after planting. Economic research service page images at hathitrust usda crop residue management action plan. Good residue management practices on agricultural lands have many positive impacts on soil quality. Burning of crop residues also causes nutrient and resource loss. Information and translations of crop residue in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. One tillage system that could produce 50% ground cover after planting is to field cultivate twice in the spring and plant. Crop residue management in relation to sustainable land use. Leaving last seasons crop residues on the soil surface by limiting tillage. Depending on the climatic conditions and soil type, the amount of crop residue produced. France the impact is low as french farmers already apply proper crop management. Any tillage or planting system that maintains at least 30 crop residue cover on soil surface. Crop residue management also provides seasonal soil protection from wind and rain erosion, adds organic matter to the soil, conserves soil moisture, and.
The objective of crop residue management systems is to provide a current, coherent, and complete evaluation of the factors involved in the use of crop residues for resource conservation and productivity, for live. Issued in furtherance of cooperative extension work, acts of may 8 and june. Crop residue management an overview sciencedirect topics. However, no significant progress has been made by governments to accomplish the objectives of npmcr, except satellitebased monitoring of crop residue burning, particularly in punjab, haryana, and rajasthan. Crop residues can improve soil structure, increase organic matter content in the soil, reduce evaporation, and help fix co 2 in the soil. Effect of tillage, crop residues and nitrogen management.
Potential, constraints and policy needs find, read and cite all the research you need. What is residue managementconservation tillage any tillage or planting system that maintains at least 30% crop residue cover on soil surface leaves about a third of soil covered after planting. Crop residue management crm through conservation agriculture can improve soil productivity and crop production by preserving soil organic matter som levels. The harvest refuses include straws, stubble, stover and haulms of different crops. The management of rhinoceros beetles in oil palm is a combination of ecological control, cultural control, physical control, biological control, chemical control, and semiochemical control. Worldwide, crop residue management is a chal lenge as farmers strive to maintain economic viabil ity, provide food, feed and fiber for their. It was observed that crop residue used as raw mulch and biochar improved the agricultural production up to 36%64% over the experimental fields of india and bhutan. Abstractthe effect of crop residue on soil fertility and yield of wheat guar crops wear conducted in this experment for six seasons in a guarwheat crop rotation. Across all seasons, average plant yield was higher in crop residue plots treatments than that found in residue removal plots 227. Depending on the climatic conditions and soil type, the amount of crop residue produced may vary from place. When n was applied as crop residues, its retention in the soil was higher than for fertilizer n, but its recovery by plants was poor, as mentioned above. American society of agronomy, crop science society of america, and soil science society of america index toc by author.
Daughtry usdaars hydrology and remote sensing lab, beltsville, md. States and canada, cereal stubble and straw are widely used to reduce wind and water erosion and to conserve soil water. Bioenergy and food security rapid appraisal befs ra user manual. Sugarcane residue management effects in reducing soil erosion. Good management of field residues can increase efficiency of irrigation and control of erosion. Review of the impact of crop residue management on soil organic carbon in europe working paper 201715 international council on clean transportation 3 and higher soc levels compared to complete residue removal e. Pdf crop residue management in diverse agroecosystems. The largest quantities of agricultural residues and wastes are from the major commodity crops. Decomposition and nitrogen dynamics of crop residues. American society of agronomy, crop science society of america, and soil.
The basic concept of integrated nutrient management inm or integrated plant nutrition management ipnm is the adjustment of plant nutrient supply to an optimum level for sustaining the desired crop productivity. Depending on the climatic conditions and soil type, the amount of crop residue produced may vary. It is a good time to measure crop residue, or the stems and stalks remaining from last years crop. Effects on soil quality, soil nitrogen dynamics, crop yield, and nitrogen recovery. Crop residue provides a very important cover for the soil during this time of year, shielding soil particles from heavy rainfalls and erosion until crops can produce a protective canopy. If a raindrop falls at this point on the line, will it hit crop residue or bare soil. Residue decomposition in soil substantially increases the soil organic carbon and other nutrient. The work was carried out in the context of the bioenergy and food security rapid appraisal project gcpglo357ger funded by the german federal ministry of food and agriculture bmel. Show full abstract and winter wheat crop residues, each subjected to four different residue management practices ploughed, rotary hoed, mulched and burned on grain yield, nitrogen uptake by.
Crop residue management nc department of agriculture. Crop residue management systems, asa special publication 31, 1978 published by. Regarding crop production, we studied how residues management strategy impacts on germination rate, biomass production and yield elaboration, along with n, p and k exportation. However, some livestock producers harvest corn residue for use as feed and bedding. Crop residues are good sources of plant nutrients and are important components for the stability of agricultural ecosystems. Nov 15, 2017 because of machinery improvements, residue should be less of an issue than it was even 15 years ago, he says. Maximising the yield of biomass from residues of agricultural crops and biomass from forestry final report. If you grow corn following corn, there may be more residue that you need to manage. Organic farming compost tamil nadu agricultural university. Crop residue management requirements of your conservation plan refer to your conservation plan and narratives in the plan detailing crop residue management options you selected for your fields.
Crop residue management products from shaktiman group for a range of small and big size lawn and grass cutting. Review of the impact of crop residue management on soil organic. Crop rotation and residue management effects on soil. Crop residues and soil carbon abstract no till club. Ouedraogo and his family my wife halizeta ouangre blessed be the name of our lord jesus christ, the strongest tower, the eternal horeb. Crop rotation crop rotation is one of the most effective cultural practices used to manage residue borne diseases. This term refers to a philosophy of yearround management of residue to maintain the level of cover needed for adequate control of erosion. If you do not have a conservation plan, one can be developed with you at the local nrcs office. Soil fertility is a measure of the ability of soil to sustain satisfactory crop growth in the longterm, and can be determined by physical, chemical and biological processes intrinsically linked to soil organic matter content and quality fig. A special scheme to support the efforts of the governments of punjab, haryana and uttar pradesh and nct of delhi to address air pollution and to subsidize machinery required for insitu management of crop residue for the period 201819 to 201920 has been approved. Conclusions twin cutterbar type combine harvester for harvesting of top portion of crop for grain recovery and a lower cutterbar for straw harvesting at a suitable height and windrowing should be developed for proper management of straw. Therefore, a discussion on crop residue management is included. Back in 2010, notill farmer editor frank lessiter and his son, mike, traveled to the palouse area of eastern washington to visit john aeschliman, whos been successfully notilling in the region for more than 40 years. In contrast, notill, striptill or reduced till agriculture practices are carried out to maximize crop residue cover.
Crop remains are also from thrashing sheds or that are discarded during crop processing. Crm systems meeting conservation tillage requirements were used on 97 million acres in 1993, about 37 percent of u. Crop residue agricultural research management to conservation. Since 1982, the conservation technology information centers ctic national crop residue management survey crm is the only survey in the u.
1476 1435 573 344 819 558 223 1472 1041 1466 216 941 1075 206 514 31 1170 685 1580 1498 1160 1064 1031 893 972 902 662 1013 187 1128 96 875 600 743 600 200 949 187